© 1989 Oxford University Press
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Food-Based Validation of a Dietary Questionnaire: The Effects of Week-to-Week Variation in Food Consumption
*The Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston, MA, USA.
**Department of Preventive Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, MA, USA.
Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health Boston, MA, USA.
Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (National Cancer Institute) Milan, Italy.
Salvini S (Channing Laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA) Hunter D J, Sampson L, Stampfer M J, Colditz G A, Rosner B and Willett W C. Food-based validation of a food frequency questionnaire: the effects of week-to-week variation in food consumption. International Journal of Epidemiology 1989; 18: 858–867.
The reproducibility and validity of responses for 55 specific foods and beverages on a self-administered food frequency questionnaire were evaluated. One hundred and seventy three women from the Nurses' Health Study completed the questionnaire twice approximately 12 months apart and also recorded their food consumption for seven consecutive days, four times during the one-year interval. For the 55 foods, the mean of correlation coefficients between frequencies of intake for first versus second questionnaire was 0.57 (range = 0.24 for fruit punch to 0.93 for beer). The mean of correlation coefficients between the dietary records and first questionnaire was 0.44 (range = 0.09 for yellow squash to 0.83 for beer and tea) and between the dietary records and the second questionnaire was 0.52 (range = 0.08 for spinach to 0.90 for tea). Ratios of within-to between-person variance for the 55 foods were computed using the mean four one-week dietary records for each person as replicate measurements. For most foods this ratio was greater than 1.0 (geometric mean of ratios = 1.88), ranging from 0.25 (skimmed milk) to 14.76 (spinach). Correlation coefficients comparing questionnaire and dietary record for the 55 foods were corrected for the within-person variation (mean corrected value = 0.55 for dietary record versus first questionnaire and 0.66 versus the second). Mean daily amounts of each food calculated by the questionnaire and by the dietary record were also compared; the observed differences suggested that responses to the questionnaire tended to over-represent socially desirable foods. This analysis documents the validity and reproducibility of the questionnaire for measuring specific foods and beverages, as well as the large within-person variation for food intake measured by dietary records. Differences in the degree of validity for specific foods revealed in this type of analysis can be useful in improving questionnaire design and in interpreting findings from epidemiological studies that use the instrument.
Revised 1 January 1989
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T. T. Fung, F. B. Hu, M. L. McCullough, P. K. Newby, W. C. Willett, and M. D. Holmes Diet Quality Is Associated with the Risk of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women J. Nutr., February 1, 2006; 136(2): 466 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. McGrath, D. S. Michaud, and I. De Vivo Hormonal and Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Bladder Cancer in Women Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2006; 163(3): 236 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. E. Millen, D. Midthune, F. E. Thompson, V. Kipnis, and A. F. Subar The National Cancer Institute Diet History Questionnaire: Validation of Pyramid Food Servings Am. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2006; 163(3): 279 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Zhang, S. C. Moore, J. Lin, N. R. Cook, J. E. Manson, I-M. Lee, and J. E. Buring Folate, Vitamin B6, Multivitamin Supplements, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2006; 163(2): 108 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Liu, Y. Song, E. S. Ford, J. E. Manson, J. E. Buring, and P. M. Ridker Dietary Calcium, Vitamin D, and the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Older U.S. Women Diabetes Care, December 1, 2005; 28(12): 2926 - 2932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. M. Stuebe, J. W. Rich-Edwards, W. C. Willett, J. E. Manson, and K. B. Michels Duration of Lactation and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes JAMA, November 23, 2005; 294(20): 2601 - 2610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. C. Winkelmayer, M. J. Stampfer, W. C. Willett, and G. C. Curhan Habitual Caffeine Intake and the Risk of Hypertension in Women JAMA, November 9, 2005; 294(18): 2330 - 2335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. P. Forman, H. A. Bischoff-Ferrari, W. C. Willett, M. J. Stampfer, and G. C. Curhan Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension: Results From Three Large Prospective Cohort Studies Hypertension, October 1, 2005; 46(4): 676 - 682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B Schulze, K. Hoffmann, J. E Manson, W. C Willett, J. B Meigs, C. Weikert, C. Heidemann, G. A Colditz, and F. B Hu Dietary pattern, inflammation, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2005; 82(3): 675 - 684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. S. Schernhammer, F. B. Hu, E. Giovannucci, D. S. Michaud, G. A. Colditz, M. J. Stampfer, and C. S. Fuchs Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drink Consumption and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Two Prospective Cohorts Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2005; 14(9): 2098 - 2105. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Koushik, D. J. Hunter, D. Spiegelman, K. E. Anderson, A. A. Arslan, W. L. Beeson, P. A. van den Brandt, J. E. Buring, J. R. Cerhan, G. A. Colditz, et al. Fruits and Vegetables and Ovarian Cancer Risk in a Pooled Analysis of 12 Cohort Studies Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., September 1, 2005; 14(9): 2160 - 2167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. M. Zhang, S. E. Hankinson, D. J. Hunter, E. L. Giovannucci, G. A. Colditz, and W. C. Willett Folate Intake and Risk of Breast Cancer Characterized by Hormone Receptor Status Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2005; 14(8): 2004 - 2008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. M. van Dam and F. B. Hu Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review JAMA, July 6, 2005; 294(1): 97 - 104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. T Fung, M. L McCullough, P. Newby, J. E Manson, J. B Meigs, N. Rifai, W. C Willett, and F. B Hu Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2005; 82(1): 163 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Lu, E. Cho, A. Taylor, S. E. Hankinson, W. C. Willett, and P. F. Jacques Prospective Study of Dietary Fat and Risk of Cataract Extraction among US Women Am. J. Epidemiol., May 15, 2005; 161(10): 948 - 959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. B. Michels, A. A. Welch, R. Luben, S. A. Bingham, and N. E. Day Measurement of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption with Diet Questionnaires and Implications for Analyses and Interpretation Am. J. Epidemiol., May 15, 2005; 161(10): 987 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. D. Sesso, J. E. Buring, S. M. Zhang, E. P. Norkus, and J. M. Gaziano Dietary and Plasma Lycopene and the Risk of Breast Cancer Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., May 1, 2005; 14(5): 1074 - 1081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Lin, S. M. Zhang, N. R. Cook, J. E. Manson, I-M. Lee, and J. E. Buring Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women Am. J. Epidemiol., April 15, 2005; 161(8): 755 - 764. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. F. Leitzmann, C.-J. Tsai, M. J. Stampfer, W. C. Willett, and E. Giovannucci Thiazide Diuretics and the Risk of Gallbladder Disease Requiring Surgery in Women Arch Intern Med, March 14, 2005; 165(5): 567 - 573. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. B. Michels, W. C. Willett, C. S. Fuchs, and E. Giovannucci Coffee, Tea, and Caffeine Consumption and Incidence of Colon and Rectal Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, February 16, 2005; 97(4): 282 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. S. Michaud, C. S. Fuchs, S. Liu, W. C. Willett, G. A. Colditz, and E. Giovannucci Dietary Glycemic Load, Carbohydrate, Sugar, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Women Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2005; 14(1): 138 - 147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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