© 1989 Oxford University Press
research-article |
Socioeconomic Indicators, Tobacco and Alcohol in the Aetiology of Digestive Tract Neoplasms
*Institute of Medical Statistics, University of Milan 20133 Milan, Italy
**"Mario Negri" Institute for Pharmacological Research 20157 Milan, Italy
**Institute of Social and Preventive Mediciné, University of Lausanne 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
Oncological Referral Centre 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
Ferraroni M {Institute of Medical Statistics, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy), Negri E, La Vecchia C, D'Avanzo B and Franceschi S. Socioeconomic indicators, tobacco and alcohol in the aetiology of digestive tract neoplasms. International Journal of Epidemiology 1989, 18: 556–562.
The relationship between education, social class, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and the risk of digestive tract neoplasms was analysed in a case–control study of 50 cases of cancer of the mouth or pharynx, 209 of the oesophagus, 397 of the stomach, 455 of the colon, 295 of the rectum, 151 of the liver, 214 of the pancreas, and a total of 1944 control subjects admitted for acute, non-neoplastic or digestive tract disorders. Cancers of the mouth or pharynx, oesophagus and stomach were inversely and strongly related to education, with risk estimates ranging between 0.2 and 0.4 for the highest education categories. Significant, but weaker inverse relations were evident for rectal and liver cancer, too, whereas the risk of colon cancer was elevated among more educated individuals. There was no relationship between education and pancreatic cancer. The pattern of risk was largely comparable when the head of the household's occupation was used as indicator of social class. There were strong direct associations between cigarette (as well as pipe or cigar) smoking and cancers of the mouth or pharynx and oesophagus, and a moderate one with pancreatic cancer, but none of the other sites considered was related to smoking habits. Cancers of the mouth or pharynx and oesophagus were independently and strongly related to alcohol consumption, too, while the associations between alcohol and liver or pancreatic cancer were moderate and not significant. Cancers of the stomach, colon and rectum were unrelated to measures of alcohol consumption.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. Nagel, J. Linseisen, H. C Boshuizen, G. Pera, G. Del Giudice, G. P Westert, H B. Bueno-de-Mesquita, N. E Allen, T. J Key, M. E Numans, et al. Socioeconomic position and the risk of gastric and oesophageal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) Int. J. Epidemiol., March 12, 2007; (2007) dyl275v2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Jansson, A. L.V. Johansson, O. Nyren, and J. Lagergren Socioeconomic Factors and Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A Nationwide Swedish Case-Control Study Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., July 1, 2005; 14(7): 1754 - 1761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Menvielle, D. Luce, P. Goldberg, and A. Leclerc Smoking, alcohol drinking, occupational exposures and social inequalities in hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2004; 33(4): 799 - 806. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Cho, S. A. Smith-Warner, J. Ritz, P. A. van den Brandt, G. A. Colditz, A. R. Folsom, J. L. Freudenheim, E. Giovannucci, R. A. Goldbohm, S. Graham, et al. Alcohol Intake and Colorectal Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 8 Cohort Studies Ann Intern Med, April 20, 2004; 140(8): 603 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Morris Brown, R. Hoover, D. Silverman, D. Baris, R. Hayes, G. M. Swanson, J. Schoenberg, R. Greenberg, J. Liff, A. Schwartz, et al. Excess Incidence of Squamous Cell Esophageal Cancer among US Black Men: Role of Social Class and Other Risk Factors Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2001; 153(2): 114 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Chao, M. J. Thun, E. J. Jacobs, S. J. Henley, C. Rodriguez, and E. E. Calle Cigarette Smoking and Colorectal Cancer Mortality in the Cancer Prevention Study II J Natl Cancer Inst, December 6, 2000; 92(23): 1888 - 1896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Alguacil, M. Porta, F. G Benavides, N. Malats, M. Kogevinas, E. Fernandez, A. Carrato, J. Rifa, and L. Guarner Occupation and pancreatic cancer in Spain: a case-control study based on job titles Int. J. Epidemiol., December 1, 2000; 29(6): 1004 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. R Hart Classic diseases revisited: Pancreatic cancer: any prospects for prevention? Postgrad. Med. J., September 1, 1999; 75(887): 521 - 526. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|