Skip Navigation

This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Search for citing articles in:
ISI Web of Science (22)
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by BELLINGER, D.
Right arrow Articles by WATERNAUX, C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by BELLINGER, D.
Right arrow Articles by WATERNAUX, C.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

© 1989 Oxford University Press

research-article

Lead, IQ and Social Class

DAVID BELLINGER*, ALAN LEVITON* and CHRISTINE WATERNAUX{dagger}

* Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, and the Department of Neurology and the Mental Retardation Research Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
{dagger} Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, and the Mailman Research Center of McLean Hospital Belmont, Massachusetts, USA.

Bellinger D (Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02115, USA), Leviton A and Waternaux C. Lead, IQ and social class. International Journal of Epidemiology 1989, 18: 180–185.

Social class (SC) conveys information about a child's potential lead exposure (PB) as well as other, independent determinants of cognition (IQ). Thus, depending on the way in which SC is handled in statistical analyses, the PB-IQ association may be either ‘overadjusted’ or ‘underadjusted’ for SC. Two assumptions that underlie the inclusion of SC in correlation/regression analyses of the PB-IQ relationship are: 1) SC is an interval scale and 2) the PB-IQ relationship is homogeneous in all social strata. Simulation analyses are presented to illustrate the impact that different values of the bivariate correlations PB-SC, IQ-SC, and PB-IQ have on the estimate of the PB-IQ adjusted for SC. Alternative approaches to addressing these issues are discussed.

Revised 1 September 1988


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 BMJHome page
S J Pocock, M Smith, and P Baghurst
Environmental lead and children's intelligence: a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence
BMJ, November 5, 1994; 309(6963): 1189 - 1197.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Disclaimer:
Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.