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© 1983 Oxford University Press

research-article

Methodological Issues in Case-Control Studies: Validity and Power of Various Design/Analysis Strategies

GEOFFREY R HOWE* and BERNARD C K CHOI{dagger}

* NCIC Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, McMurrich Building, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8 (address for reprint requests)
{dagger} Research student of the National Cancer Institute of Canada

Computer simulations have been used to estimate the efficiency, as measured by the statistical power, of various combinations of design and analysis strategies for case-control studies. Conditions under which the various forms of analysis yield consistent relative risk estimators are derived for the general model. The results indicate that the loss of efficiency resulting from the use of a less than optimum design or analysis strategy in many real life situations is small. Practical considerations are of more importance than theoretical statistical ones in deciding upon appropriate strategies. It is concluded that matching is rarely, if ever, justified in most case-control studies of chronic diseases.

Received 1 April 1982


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