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© 1981 Oxford University Press

research-article

Biological Models and Statistical Interactions: an Example from Multistage Carcinogenesis

JACK SIEMIATYCKI* and DUNCAN C THOMAS**

* Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Research Centre, Institut Armand-Frappier, Case postale 100, Laval-des-Rapides, Quebec, Canada
**Department of Epidemiology and Health, McGill University Montreal

Siemiatycki J [Epidemlology and Preventive Medicine Research Centre, Institut Armand-Frappier, Case postale 100, Laval-des-Rapides, Quebec, Canada] and Thomas DC. Biological models and statistical interactions: an example from multistage carcinogenesis. International Journal of Epidemiology 1981, 10: 383–387.

From the assessment of statistical interaction between risk factors it is tempting to infer the nature of the biologic interaction between the factors. However, the use of statistical analyses of epidemiologic data to infer biologic processes can be misleading. As an example, we consider the multistage model of carcinogenesis. Under this biologic model, it is shown, by means of simple hypothetical examples, that even if carcinogenic factors act independently, some pairs may fit an additive statistical model, some a multiplicative statistical model, and some neither. The elucidation of biological interactions by means of statistical models requires the imaginative and prudent use of inductive and deductive reasoning; it cannot be done mechanically.

Received 19 May 1981


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